How can adverse weather impact flight operations?

Adverse weather can significantly reduce aircraft performance, which is why this option is the correct choice. Weather conditions, such as turbulence, wind shear, ice, rain, and fog, can directly impact how an aircraft handles during takeoff, climb, cruising, and landing phases. For instance, ice accumulation on the wings can increase weight and alter the aerodynamics, leading to decreased lift and potential stalls. High winds can affect takeoff and landing distances, while turbulent air can make it harder for pilots to control the aircraft.

The other options do not accurately reflect the realities of aviation in adverse conditions. Improved visibility is generally not a characteristic of adverse weather; instead, conditions like fog and heavy precipitation reduce visibility, complicating navigation and landing. Claiming that adverse weather has no effect on flight operations disregards the critical influence of weather on safety and performance. Similarly, the suggestion that adverse weather only affects daytime operations overlooks the fact that weather-related challenges can arise at any time, impacting night flights as severely as daytime ones.