What is P-factor?

P-factor refers to the phenomenon that occurs in propeller-driven aircraft, primarily during climb or high angles of attack. It stems from the asymmetric thrust produced by the propeller blades, which is a result of the different angles of attack experienced by the blades during their rotation.

When a propeller rotates, one blade is ascending (the right-hand blade for a clockwise rotating propeller) while the other is descending (the left-hand blade). The descending blade creates a higher angle of attack because it is moving into the relative wind, resulting in an increase in lift—and therefore thrust—compared to the ascending blade. This unbalanced thrust results in a yawing motion towards the ascending blade, which for a propeller rotating clockwise from the pilot's perspective usually means yawing to the left.

In this context, the correct answer identifies the asymmetry of thrust created by the right descending blade having a higher angle of attack, leading to the left-turning tendency commonly experienced during climb. Understanding P-factor is crucial for pilots because it impacts aircraft handling, especially in configurations that require more power, like during takeoff and climb.

Thus, recognizing how P-factor contributes to aircraft dynamics is vital for effective control and safer flying practices.